Not known Facts About KGW Crystal

Not known Facts About KGW Crystal

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Figure 8 Intra-cavity pulse amplification approach monitored by an oscilloscope. The heartbeat underwent an unsaturated amplification due to mirror hurt limitation.

In summary, we shown that undoped scintillator crystals: BGO, GGG, YSO, LSO and LYSO are successful nonlinear elements for broadband SC era while in the around-infrared and limited-wave infrared spectral ranges, when pumped by 180 fs basic harmonic pulses from an amplified Yb:KGW laser. YSO, LSO and LYSO generated two octave-spanning SC spectra, which compare to SC spectra developed in YAG. These components exhibit very equivalent performances to YAG also with regard to threshold and optimum pump pulse energies for SC generation. Nevertheless, for what issues the chance to function at large laser pulse repetition fee, YSO, LSO and LYSO clearly show durable Procedure only at 10 kHz and quickly degrade (in a couple of minutes) at twenty kHz. Moreover the fairly reduced SC generation threshold (169 nJ), GGG shown fantastic efficiency characteristics during the limited-wave infrared Using the ideal pump pulse Electricity of 464 nJ, that's two periods decrease than in YAG: the largest red-shifted spectral broadening and the best spectral Vitality density, outperforming KGW and YAG crystals in that facet.

In contrast, the seed laser could be amplified to around 1 mJ beneath the orthogonal orientation configuration.

For tungstates, the ytterbium doping focus can be extremely large without considerable quenching since the changed ions have an exceedingly related ion radius, as well as inter-ion distance is comparatively big.

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Finally, we investigated the lengthy-term performances of SC era in crystal samples below optimal pumping disorders at higher laser repetition charges. In doing this, the crystal samples weren't translated and stored inside a stationary position with respect on the pump beam in the course of the whole measurement. The illustrations illustrating strong lengthy-time period performances of SC generation in KGW and YAG crystals at substantial laser repetition rates could possibly be found elsewhere. Far more especially, stable functionality of KGW crystal at 2 MHz pulse repetition charge less than extremely identical pump beam focusing geometry was described recently30, While YAG crystal shown stable functionality for quite a few hrs at two hundred kHz pulse repetition amount Despite having very tight focusing on the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The lengthy-expression functionality exams in LSO, LYSO here and YSO disclosed gradual narrowing of the SC spectra on the prolonged-wavelength aspect that transpired just after a specific publicity time and will be attributed into the optical degradation of such supplies. As an illustration, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was noticed right after (sim twenty) minutes at a laser repetition price of ten kHz, although at a laser repetition amount of 20 kHz, secure SC generation efficiency was noticed just for roughly two min.

Even though BGO and LT produced the narrowest SC spectra (somewhat fewer than 1.five optical octaves), they could be considered as incredibly desirable nonlinear supplies for broadband SC era with pumping at lengthier laser wavelengths. Owing to its substantial nonlinearity, BGO exhibited the bottom SC technology threshold (seventy eight nJ) Among the many investigated components, which is 25 % decrease than in KGW and will be considered as excellent nonlinear materials for incredibly reduced-threshold SC technology. The noticed steady and durable damage-free of charge efficiency of BGO and GGG at 200 kHz pulse repetition price suggests that these nonlinear materials have a potential for SC era at even increased, MHz, repetition costs. Moreover, these products deliver SC radiation with a wonderful list of parameters that are essential for applications in substantial velocity spectroscopy and imaging that hire bulk-produced SC, see e.g.seventeen,18,19,20.

Figure 4 Beam radius variation on The 2 crystals whilst altering the focal length in the thermal lensing impact.

These elements can be used for frequency conversion in lasers for extending of tuning selection. SRS in crystals is appropriate with present-day all-strong-condition know-how and gives a quite simple, compact usually means of frequency conversion.

Because its discovery in 19701,2, the state of the art of supercontinuum (SC) era in bulk strong-point out elements has attained a high standard of maturity due to tremendous progress of ultrafast laser sources and essential knowledge of the underlying Actual physical processes3,four. The complexity of physical consequences underlying SC technology is unveiled while in the framework of femtosecond filamentation, which can be a common phenomenon arising from nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in clear materials5. In additional simple phrases, the attainable spectral extent of SC radiation depends upon the fabric Attributes, including linear and nonlinear indexes of refraction and Electricity bandgap, which along with the laser wavelength determine the crucial electricity for self-concentrating (which has to become exceeded for a light filament to kind) and clamping depth of a light filament (that's proportional into the order of multiphoton absorption), respectively.

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Assembling tungsten oxide hydrate nanocrystal colloids shaped by laser ablation in liquid into rapid-response electrochromic films.